[1]Tanaka N, Okuda T, Shinohara H, Yamasaki RS, Hirano N, Kang J, Ogawa M, Nishi NN. Relationship between Seasonal Changes in Food Intake and Energy metabolism, Physical Activity, and Body Composition in Young Japanese Women. Nutrients. 2022 Jan 24;14(3):506. doi: 10.3390/nu14030506. PMID: 35276865; PMCID: PMC8838489.

[2]Henkel, Sara, et al. "Influence of Ambient Temperature on Resting Energy Expenditure in metabolically Healthy Males and Females." The Journal of Nutrition 155.3 (2025): 862-870

[3] Landsberg L, Young JB, Leonard WR, Linsenmeier RA, Turek FW. Do the obese have lower body temperatures? A new look at a forgotten variable in energy balance. Trans Am Clin Climatol Assoc. 2009;120:287-95. PMID: 19768183; PMCID: PMC2744512.

[4]"Biochemistry, Heat and Calories." StatPearls, StatPearls Publishing, 2025, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538294/.

[5]Sasaki T. Change of Japanese basal metabolism. metabolism. 1979;16:3–12. (In Japanese with English abstract)

[6]Anthanont, Pimjai, et al. "Lack of seasonal differences in basal metabolic rate in humans: a cross-sectional study." Hormone and metabolic Research 49.01 (2017): 30-35.

[7]Zhang, Xueying, et al. "Human total, basal and activity energy expenditures are independent of ambient environmental temperature." Iscience 25.8 (2022).

[8]TEMPERATURE AND BASAL metaBOLISM. JAMA. 1925;85(22):1732. doi:10.1001/jama.1925.02670220050019

[9]Del Coso J, Hamouti N, Ortega JF, Mora-Rodriguez R. Aerobic fitness determines whole-body fat oxidation rate during exercise in the heat. Appl Physiol Nutr metab. 2010 Dec;35(6):741-8. doi: 10.1139/H10-068. PMID: 21164544.

[10]Sawka, Michael N., et al. Physiological Responses to Exercise in the Heat. StatPearls Publishing, 2025, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK236240/.

[11]Meerman R, Brown AJ. When somebody loses weight, where does the fat go? BMJ. 2014 Dec 16;349:g7257. doi: 10.1136/bmj.g7257. Erratum in: BMJ. 2014;349:g7782. PMID: 25516540.

[13]Westerterp, Klaas R. "Seasonal variation in body weight: an experimental case study." Journal of Thermal Biology 26.4-5 (2001): 525-527.

[14]Mougin, Loïs, et al. "Running in the heat similarly reduces lipid oxidation and peak oxygen consumption in trained runners and inactive individuals." Journal of Applied Physiology 138.2 (2025): 508-517.